Killer Mike, Lupe Fiasco, and the Dancing Body of the State

Killer Mike, Lupe Fiasco, and the Dancing Body of the State This week was surreal, like turning pages in a book of moving pictures. Here are some headlines: Thomas DeFrantz and the Dancing Body of the State Thursday afternoon, Thomas DeFrantz, a former MIT professor and current professor of African-American Studies and Dance at Duke, gave a profound lecture to a rapt and engaged audience. He began with a walk across the front of the room demonstrating a switch, a precise and confident shifting of weight and swaying of hips, and a beautiful sentence from his upcoming book on queer black social dance. He went on to discuss the politically embodied concepts and dances originating in African-American communities that enjoy concentrated popularity outside those communities: dances such as vogueing, J-setting, and hand dancing. He showed clips from the 1990 documentary Paris is Burning, of Madonnas popular simplification of vogueing, of Beyonce J-setting in the Single Ladies video and Mileys unconfident and profoundly uncool attempt to twerk, of Al Minns and Leon James dancing the Lindy Hop and other jazz dances of their time, of Michelle Obama as she becomes herself more and more, it seems, and that self is actively engaged in black social dance. Cynthia O 16 and I swooned in our seats and ate free shish kebabs afterwards while we talked to Tommy DeFrantz. I considered switching up my whole life plan and going for a Ph. D. literature, like the woman in the back of the room who asked good questions. There are so many new questions to ask. Killer Mike on Race Relations On Friday, Killer Mike of Run the Jewels faced a packed room. There were journalists, students, educators, locals. You can read about the event on Complex or Billboard. Below are the bits I scribbled down. On race: Im qualified to be here because I am a black man in America, and that does not make me independent of AmericaI am as American as apple pie and slavery. Solving racism has less to do with politics and more to do withlook around youlook to the left and the right like you in black churchyour life, your circle of friends should look like this. They should not all look like you. The problems are not outside of us, they are within us. This needs to be something substantial. Not look, we got Killer Mike at MIT. Im not here to get you to buy a CD. I dont care if you come to my next show. If youre not interacting with and befriending people who dont look like you, you are not doing enough. If were willing to broaden our minds, the horizon is endless. Its time we take ourselves off the teams we were born on. I am an advocate for the people who are the most oppressed being the primary organizers of action against that oppression. In response to a question asking what new technology he would have MIT students invent: What technology puts people in the same room? What technology exists to get people in a circle? I believe in the power of human interaction. Too much of our communication now occurs between the cold crevices of keyboards and encourages people to be mean. You get fed rage from the time you wake up. If youre a liberal you get fed liberal rage. If youre conservative you get conservative rage. And then someone posts something online you dont like and you give it to them. But we dont pay attention to the real brutalities happening around us. On Atlanta: Atlanta worked. Atlanta is the potential of the African-American in this country fulfilled. Atlanta taught me to unpack a lot of my racial thinking. When the only people around you to blame look like you, you have to think about the other variables, like class. A lot of what I was mistaking for racism was classism. This shit is not just about race. Its about a class of people thinking they are entitled to something. He talked about the importance of diversity and cultural exchange. We should make sure the design team reflects the people who are wearing [products], buying them. He urged people to reach out, to think bravely, to take Louis Vuitton and Gucci to task for suing Dapper Dan out of business and then snatching up and peddling his innovations. He spoke from a place of knowledge, experience and compassion on community organizing and policing. He discussed Run the Jewelss new music video for the song Close Your Eyes, which represents the futile and exhausting existence of a purgatory-like law enforcement system. There is no neat solution at the end because there is no neat solution in the real world. However, there is an opportunity to dialogue and change the way communities are policed in this country. Lupe Fiasco at MIT SpringFest We stood at the top of the stadium, high up against the back wall, where the spotlights shone out in thin beams of thick yellow. We were so close to the lights I was afraid every time they swiveled that my shadow would be cast over the whole crowd. We watched and danced and were wildly in love with Lupe. Black Market The Cambridge Community Center is a six-minute ride from my house. There is a regular roaming market of artists and vendors selling old records, old clothes, crafts, zines, and more. There were lots of beautiful punks and hippies. I rubbed some free-sample shea butter on my hands and bought a literary and arts zine called Infinite Scroll, which contains poems, pictures, comics, essays, stories, and a beautiful collection of photographs of Marfa, Texas. Dudley The Center for High-Energy Metaphysics Co-op comes to pika Harvard has a co-op, too. Yesterday I grated about ten pounds of cheese for macaroni and brewed rosewater lemonade with dried rose petals and lavender (above). They brought blueberry-pear pies. We sat on the front porch and talked about co-op things like consensus-based decion-making and collective grocery shopping.

Homosexuality rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 929 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Homosexuality Essay Did you like this example? Homosexuality has been a controversial topic for many different reasons since the birth of established religion. Although, common in the ancient world, homosexuality and its acceptance radically dropped following the rise of Christianity. Therefore, by the time Eisenhower was President his views, as where most of the country, were negative to such sexual deviancies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Homosexuality rights" essay for you Create order It was believed that homosexuality was a condition that had to be treated by psychologies and furthermore that it was a national security threat to the nation because of how susceptible they were to be blackmailed. The backdrop of these events was the 1950s. A time of the ideal perfect family with 2.5 kids. Where the man was the breadwinner and the woman were to state home and take care of the children. In this extremely conservative family centric society is where this homosexuality trials and hunt took place inside the Federal Government. Believing that homosexuality was a threat to national security, Eisenhower through executive order 10450 sought to banish all gay man and woman from serving in the Federal government, through the use of interrogations, polygraphs and other dubious means. The threat of communism suddenly enveloped the whole of the United States soon after the war. There was a mass hysteria that there were people that were working to undermine U.S. interest and way of life. It was believed that communism wanted to destroy the core of American values, which at the time meant the family core. 1950s was a time were everything was done by tradition. This traditional way of living didnt have space for homosexual behavior. The fears of communism spreading offer the perfect cover for Eisenhowers clean the house policies. He believed that homosexuals were persons of low moral character. That homosexuality was an unforgivable lack of moral character, and therefore it opens the individuals to being blackmailed by agents of communism. It was believed at the time that their homosexual nature will make them reveal secrets under duress for fear of not being outed. Therefore, all Federal jobs had to be homosexual free for the security of the nation. This purge, nonet heless was based solely on sexual orientation and had little to nothing to do with the spread of communism. The belief in this was best summarized the following way: These perverts will frequently attempt to entice individuals to engage in perverted practices One homosexual can pollute a Government office. Homosexuality of course was illegal at the time, making it easier for Eisenhower to pass his national security reforms. The rationality at the time was that a person could be loyal to the country yet still posed a security risk. The reason to fire said individuals can be best summarized by General, Herbert Brownell Jr, when he stated: Employees could be a security risk and still not be disloyal or have any traitorous thoughts, but it may be their personal habits are such that they might be subject to blackmail by people who seek to destroy the safety of our country. In order to put in practice Eisenhowers desire for cleaning house there were special forces that were set up to deal with complaints, or suspicious of someone being a homosexual. Gestapo like practices were implemented as well, as thousands of mails where being opened to make sure there was no signs of homosexual behavior. The mission was to: eliminate all types of sex perverts from the rolls of the department. A unit was created called: The Miscellaneous M Unit This unit was involved both on interrogation where there was a good cop bad cop style of asking the questions and polygraph testing. If a person was convicted or thought of being sexually perverted, they could take a polygraph test to determine their innocence. After a member was accused of homosexuality there were only two outcomes, either he or she was cleared of all charges, or they were asked to resign. Sadly, most investigations ended in confessions and therefore firings. Homosexuality was perceived as a such a big threa t that even after people were fired from the Federal Government they were blacklisted from international organizations as well. The main reason why they were perceived as such a huge threat to a family life was because it was believed to be sinful, perverted, the boring 50s were a time where America went back to Elizabethan family values. Tradition stated that a man was to marry a woman and then procreate and have children. The man will become the breadwinner and the woman will be the one in charge of the house. Tradition was so entrenched at the time that two kids was consider the perfect American family. In a world with so many uncertainties due to the Cold War, Americans found refuge in embracing old family values. Homosexuality was an aberration to this family values. In their minds, homosexuality seeks to corrupt and destroy the traditions they held so dearly, and therefore was in turn a national security problem. Homosexuality rights have come a long way since the days of the Eisenhowers administration. Not only is homosexuality not illegal anymore, but they even have the right to marry now a day. It is important to remember events like this so that this kind of systematic discrimination doesnt happened again. In an ever-changing world with new threats and alarming events its important to make sure that basic human rights are always upheld. The Cold War in a lot of ways brought the worst of some people back in the 50s. Its important to make sure as a nation that this never happens again.

Criminal Justice Trends Essay - 1572 Words

The criminal justice system is a group of institutions that work together to protect a society, prevent and control crime, and maintain justice; enforcing the laws regulated by society. As the years have gone by and society has evolved; so have the criminal justice system and its methods to accomplish its role in society. This short analysis will evaluate the main facts that have been affecting the criminal justice system for decades and have influenced the evolution the justice system is enduring in a changing society (Muraski, 2009). Amongst the changes in the system, we will discuss the effect the changes have had on the citizens and how their perceptions have evolved as well. In the criminal justice system three major agencies can†¦show more content†¦Specific characteristics that interlink these three agencies are discretion, resource dependence, sequential tasks, and filtering (Cole, 2008). All phases of the justice system reflect the freedom to make a decision according to the own judgment of the agent that is working with a case at the moment. The abuse of discretion leads to the most notable issue that affects the accuracy and effectiveness of the system, discrimination. Even thought discretion is one of the most important characteristic of the system because the American criminal justice does not have the tools to treat each individual case the same way, on the other hand the system can’t afford to have every single case leading to an investigation. American criminal justice to be effective needs accuracy due to the resource dependence of each agency has on another. Every decision made between all these agencies is sequential. To have a case seen in court, an arrest has to be made by a police officer, then and prosecutors and judges have the responsibility of adjudication, then correction implement the punishment according to the prior decisions makers. When discussing the process of implementing the law, the filtering process is very important; this is process in which cases are screened by law enforcement officials and the decision to handle it at the current level is made or the case is passed on to the next level. As you can see, all agencies are linked together and in theory should workShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Trends1537 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice Trends CJA/484 3/17/2013 David Sanders Jr | The criminal justice system is always changing to help secure and protect society. Even though many times areas of law enforcement are over looked due to changes, the facts still remain that the number one priority of law enforcement is to see that the streets that we walk during the day and night are safe and secure even though one main ingredient has been lost with the progression of law enforcement. So in this paper I will focusRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Evnaluatio1253 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation December 10, 2012 CJA/394 Troy Hokanson Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 2 Introduction The criminal justice system is very important to American society. The reason for laws are to defend society from harm, makeRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation1581 Words   |  7 Pages394 WEEK 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation John Doe CJA 394 October 01, 2001 Jane Doedy Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice system is forever adjusting to protect and serve a changing society. The paper evaluates, identifies and assesses recent future and current trends affecting the criminal justice system. Lastly, it defines the values of the system in a changing society. Recent trends affecting the criminal justice system areRead MoreInternational Criminal Justice Trends1122 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent International justice system trends Federalism reigned in most of the regions and this dictated that the national justice system had to handle any criminal case that could have risen. The atrocities such as genocide have broken the barriers and have become a global outcry and this has warranted the formation of the International Criminal Court that is based in Hague. This signifies the need to fight crime as a joint effort thus coming up with international law. Truth and justice commissions haveRead MoreEssay on Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation1584 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation Paper Jerry J Lynch Jr February 20, 2012 CJA/394 - Contemporary Issues and Futures in Criminal Justice Darren Gil, Faculty University of Phoenix Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice field is an ever evolving field. As today’s technology changes so does the way the criminal justice field interacts with that technology. As our society changes the technology that we use will also be altered to fit the situation. The barriersRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation CJA 394 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice system is an essential aspect of American society as well as the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The purpose of laws is to protect society from harm, ensure everyone’s safety, and equally treated. The criminal justice system works to protect the innocent and punish the guilty without violating the rights the criminal suspect to avoid any injustices. As society evolves the criminal justiceRead MoreSocietal Trends That Impact the Criminal Justice System948 Words   |  4 PagesSOCIETAL TRENDS THAT IMPACT THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Suzie A. Anderson Everest University Online CCJ 1017-52 Criminology Jamie Onion April 8, 2012 Utilizing everything you have learned about crime and criminal behavior this term, you will now have the opportunity to think about the future of our society and how the criminal justice system should prepare. Identify and discuss the societal trends that will impact the criminal justice system over the next ten years. The societal trends thatRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstatement to say there weren’t any trends that the criminal justice system was being plagued with. Between gangs, terrorism and crime in general we have a huge problem on our hands rather it be old news and a new crime trend. For the criminal justice system right now the possible retaliation from terrorist and what sort of technology advancement they might come with is going to be at the top of our list. In the past (early 2000) the criminal justice system found problems with a demandingRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation1530 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation University of Phoenix Contemporary Issues and Future in Criminal Justice People in society continuously change therefore people continue to evolve as our perceptions change. In this paper the student will assess the past, present, and future trends in the interface between elements of the criminal justice system. In the assessment the student will evaluate the criminal justice connections with surrounding society. The student will identifyRead MoreCriminal Justice Trends Paper1893 Words   |  8 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Paper CJA/484 December 16, 2013 Criminal Justice Trends Paper Introduction For the past 50 years, America’s criminal justice system has encountered several significant changes dealing with courts and policing. According to Marion and Oliver (2006), the historical Supreme Court rulings like Mapp v. Ohio and Miranda v. Arizona mold the way courts and law enforcement handle individuals charged with committing crimes. This paper will discuss the evolution of courts

Ivan the Terrible Free Essays

Candice Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia is better known as Ivan the terrible. In the following paragraphs I will depict major events in his life and the role he played in Russia. I will also exhibit the many positive things that he did. We will write a custom essay sample on Ivan the Terrible or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well as the negative things that he did to Russian society during his reign of thirty-seven years. I will debate the fact that Ivan IV was nick named Ivan the terrible. Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia is better known as Ivan the terrible. In the following paragraphs I will depict major events in his life and the role he played in Russia. I will also exhibit the many positive things that he did. As well as the negative things that he did to Russian society during his reign of thirty-seven years. I will debate the fact that Ivan IV was nick named Ivan the terrible. Ivan IV was born on August 25, 1530, in Moscow. He was the son of Vasily III, the grand duke of Moscow, who died when Ivan was just three years old. His mother Yelena Glinskaya who was from a leading noble family established a regency, which soon became nothing but corruption and wild violence as rival families feuded the dominance of the Ginskaya family. After Yelena Glinkaya died in 1538 the misrule continued after that. Ivan was crowned in 1547, but not as grand duke but as a tsar. In the same year he married Anastasia Romonov. Anastasia died on 1560, and Ivan remarried many times. Ivan died March 18,1584. Ivan IV made many positive attributes. From the year 1547-1560 are considered to be the really productive period of Ivan’s reign. During this period Ivan appointed an advisory council. Ivan also founded a national assembly in 1549, and enacted reforms in the local government . He also drew up a new law code in 1550. He also regulated the responsibilities and jobs of the aristocracy. Expansion of Russia eastward also started during this period. And finally trading began with the English, Dutch, and the French. Ivan IV made many negative attributes as well. In 1560 when Anastasia died marked the end of Ivan’s productive period. Ivan IV was increasingly powerful and he turned against his advisors, because he was convinced that they had caused her death, backed by rival Nobel families. Ivan threatened to abdicate unless the nobles were punished. Ivan left Moscow in 1564, and settled in a village called Aleksandrovsk. The confused people of Moscow begged Ivan to return . Ivan eventually returned to Moscow under two conditions. First, he had to have the right to punish traitors, executing them necessary and keeping their stuff. Secondly, he had a political and territorial subdivision called â€Å"the oprichnia† was to be established, and managed completely under the tsar. Ivan IV also known as Ivan the terrible. Ivan the terrible led a very eventful life. Ivan had many negative attributes. As well as positive attributes. If you put things in perspective all of these things balance off. So was Ivan IV really terrible? , you be the judge. How to cite Ivan the Terrible, Papers

The Importance of Teaching

Questions: 1. What is the importance of teaching literature to young learners? 2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of using drama in class?3. How can you use a story (use one story as example) to ensure the following types of development: i. Language development ii. Intellectual development iii. Personality development iv. Social and moral development v. Aesthetic and creative development 4. What are the motivating activities that can be conducted in order to encourage reading in the class? Answers: 1. The Importance of Teaching literature to young learners The method in which life is anticipated or thought can be easily related to the study of literature. This study is the method in which people in various parts of the world in almost all hours connect to and intend to gather information and wisdom relating to different experiences in human life. This study further renders a chance to the people to correspond with the future. Through literature any person can identify the claims of the future and also share the past (Hughes, 2000). It is only form of study that makes a person travel from the real world to the imaginary world. Regarding the young reader or the learner it can be stated that these learners are students basically from the primary as well as the preprimary schools. Research states that when children are around six years old their development with regard to the ability to learn language begins and it continues until they reach puberty (Qu, 2010). Since puberty, gradually the rate of development with regard to the language area decreases. Generally, it has been observed that the basic nature of the young learners is more or less the same and did not change much with the changes in the countries and this shows that the primary principles with regard to the psychological and methodological nature is the same in which ever country they are in. Presently, literature is used as away to teach the fundamental skills of language such as the skills relating to reading or listening or writing or speaking (Chen, 2014). Literature is one good way to improve the vocabulary or grammar or the pronunciation of any individual. Some of the most essential advantages of literature are firstly this gives a number of different styles for writing and representing different uses of the language (Hughes, 2000). Secondly, it helps students to develop skills on reading. Thirdly, it acts as a springboard for coming up with a number of writings and discussions. Fourthly, this study of literature generally combines intellectual qualities along with emotions and motivates the student and develops him personally. Fifthly, since it is usually culture related, it forms a part of the general education (Williams, 2013). Sixthly, this study further supports creative thinking and finally is also increases the knowledge of the students and makes them aware of the conflicting situations. Hence it can be stated that literature increases the language skills of the students and also helps them to experience pleasure and education simultaneously. 2. The strengths and weaknesses of using drama in class There are a number of strengths as well as weaknesses of using drama in the classroom. To begin with, one of the primary advantages of using drama in the classroom is that the use of drama tends to increase the motivation of the students; it further increases the confidence of the students and helps to improve their fluency with the language. Students also learn to communicate through their body language. Some other advantages of drama would be to help the students explore the various ranges of emotions that are present in any human being. It helps to develop the creative and spontaneous nature of the students (Williams, 2002). Drama provides for the opportunities for the students to form groups and better express themselves. It gives confidence to the students, increases trust and cooperation among the students. It further develops the performance skills of the students. Drama assists in better communication techniques. It gives an idea to the speakers to exchange different ideas an d make fresh decisions. It further increases the use of English by the students (Wood, 2002). It improves involvement and decision making skills of the students. Some other advantages of introducing drama in schools would be that as a result of these drama cultures the competency of students increases. It also increases the fluency of the students and prepares the students by increasing their awareness and sensitivity for the students and prepares them for the various real life systems. However, there are a number of disadvantages of introducing drama in the schools for the students. Sometimes using drama for the purposes of learning may sometimes fail (Wood, 2002). The primary reasons for this would be that using drama as a tool to teach students and make them learn in those situations would make the teaching more artificial. Further in most cases the situation become irrelevant in accordance to the requirements of the young learners (Guevara Ordoez, 2013). Also it becomes difficult to monitor the students verbally as well as physically. Teachers generally fear that the use of drama in studies would cause an unlimited fun among the students and divert the attention from studies. Drama also tends to cause awkwardness and embarrassment for some students who are more grown up than the others. Another significant disadvantage of drama would be that many incorrect forms of the language is learnt by the students during these drama sessions and also all the forms of acti vities in the drama may not be suitable for all kind of students. Nevertheless, it may be noted that these problems may be solved if a careful planning is carried out by the teachers. Also the teachers should be able to convince themselves that such activities would be effectively used to encourage the students and bring about a positive change in the learning. 3. Using a story to ensure the following types of development: The idea of storytelling has always been considered as an appropriate tool to teach and learn. This method of storytelling generally makes the students experience fresh things and generate new senses. It helps to improve the relationship between the students among themselves and amongst others. It also helps to develop their language, intellect, personality, social, moral and creative environment. As an example the story of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by well-known author Roald Dahl has been considered (Dahl Schindelman, 1964). Language development The story of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has been written by British novelist and short story writer Roald Dahl and the language in which it is written is extremely prolific. Hence the story when told to the students will genuinely clear the concepts and the intricacies of the English language to the students (DemircioÄÅ ¸lu, 2010). Further it would increase the strength of vocabulary of the students as they learn new words and also understand their meaning. Further, storytelling improves the grammar of the students. Intellectual development With regard to the intellectual development, when listeners are told the story, they would probably imagine the story in their minds. Also they can be made to act the story in the form of a skit and add their own inputs in the story while enacting the story. The listeners can be also permitted to draw in their own manner the story after listening to the story. Hence it can be observed that through this manner of story telling the intellect of the students are developed. The story of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl once narrated by the teacher, the students can be asked to narrate the story again through drawings or sketches. This would show how the students have used their imaginative minds and how attentive they were while listening to the stories. Personality development Generally a story helps to define the variety of events that is happening in the daily life. It is these experiences that are used to develop stories by humans. Hence the personal characters of the stories generally help to recognize the different characters that are present in the real lives. Usually the adults take it for granted that the stories and their daily occurrences are connected. However, the children are required to learn this through the process of telling and listening to stories. Most of the stories like the one talked about here that is Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl have a sequence, followed by progressions of the events. As a result the children learn the different patterns of behaviors as well as the actions that take place in the daily lives. Hence this is the time when the students learn to develop themselves personally. They learn a number of things in story telling ranging from how to modulate the voice, projection of the voice to the art of bo dy language. Personality development also includes body language, speaking during extempore and the ability to create stories and tell them. Social and moral development By giving an opportunity to the students to listen to stories, they also receive a chance to participate in various group discussions relating to the story and in this manner the children get an opportunity to develop public speaking skills and improve their speaking and learning skills (Brown, 2008). In most cases in the story of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the story ends with a moral and this act as a social development of the children. In this sphere a number of questions may be asked to the students as to what they learnt from the story or what are the things that the students liked in the story. These questions and discussions on the stories would help the children in various ways (Qu, 2010). This would help the students to think about the motives of the characters and therefore understand their actions and personalities. This gives them the opportunity to think about the ethics, values and morality. Aesthetic and creative development In order to improve the creative skills of the students the listeners can be told to say additional stories about the story that has been narrated to them. The children are allowed to make up the stories or they may also include real life experiences or any made up stories. Also the students can be told to change or vary the story according to their will. This shows that the idea of storytelling gives an opportunity to the students to create mental images and this helps to bring out their colorful imaginations that they have (Saboor Hussain, 2013). Further the reasoning capabilities of the students are also activated when they are given a chance to discuss about those messages. Hence the use of story can be essentially used to apply the creative thinking and this helps them to apply the creativeness in their own real lives. This would help the children to be more aware of the thoughts of their surrounding people and their own. This further helps them to be more articulate. 4. Motivating activities that can be conducted in order to encourage reading in the class Motivation can be termed as that kind of an inspiration that guides a human being to achieve certain goals. Generally students can be guided by internal or external motivation (Brown, 2008). Motivating students to read in the classroom is one area that needs to be focused and research has shown that students who are motivated to read more are more inclined to read than those who are not motivated (Tugrul Mart, 2012). In order to motivate the students, one of the methods would be to identify the accomplishments of the students in reading by choosing one student to go the office of the principal to read to him or her. Other games can be conducted in order to make the students read books. Games such as musical books can be conducted. In the game the students would be divided into two groups and are made to read the book under the chair they sit (Weldon, 2010). Another motivational game would be to make the children solve puzzles. Book reports can be created and students may be made to make word search on graph paper (Wilkinson, 2005). These are then exchanged with the class members and later laminated. These are then exchanged a number of times and these make wonderful seat activities for checking out different variety of books. These kinds of motivating games may be conducted in the class so that they students get more inclined to read books. References Brown, D. (2008). Why and how textbooks should encourage extensive reading.ELT Journal,63(3), 238-245. doi:10.1093/elt/ccn041 Chen, M. (2014). Teaching English as a Foreign Language through Literature.TPLS,4(2). doi:10.4304/tpls.4.2.232-236 Dahl, R., Schindelman, J. (1964).Charlie and the chocolate factory. New York: Knopf. DemircioÄÅ ¸lu, Ã…Å ¾. (2010). Teaching English vocabulary to young learners via drama.Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences,2(2), 439-443. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.039 Guevara, D., Ordoez, C. (2013). Teaching english to very young learners through authentic communicative performances.Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal,14(2), 9. doi:10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2012.2.a01 Hughes, A. (2000). Teaching English to young learners.ELT Journal,54(2), 198-200. doi:10.1093/elt/54.2.198 Qu, Y. (2010). Culture Understanding in Foreign Language Teaching.English Language Teaching,3(4). doi:10.5539/elt.v3n4p58 Saboor Hussain, M. (2013). English Language Teaching to Young Learners: Possible Pitfalls after Lowering the Age of Compulsory English in Pakistan.IJALEL,2(3), 95-99. doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.3p.95 Tugrul Mart, C. (2012). Encouraging Young Learners to Learn English through Stories.English Language Teaching,5(5). doi:10.5539/elt.v5n5p101 Weldon, C. (2010). Tolle Lege: Using Student Confessions to Encourage Student Reading.Teaching Theology Religion,13(4), 373-373. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9647.2010.00650.x Wilkinson, I. (2005). Motivating Reading on Motivating Reading.Psyccritiques,50(14). doi:10.1037/040292 Williams, M. (2002). Teaching Languages to Young Learners. L. Cameron.ELT Journal,56(2), 201-203. doi:10.1093/elt/56.2.201 Williams, M. (2013). Teaching Young Learners to Think.ELT Journal,67(2), 261-263. doi:10.1093/elt/cct011 Wood, C. (2002). Parent-child pre-school activities can affect the development of literacy skills.J Res In Reading,25(3), 241-258. doi:10.1111/1467-9817.00173

Background Of Computerization In Bangladesh Information Technology Essay Essays

Background Of Computerization In Bangladesh Information Technology Essay Essays Background Of Computerization In Bangladesh Information Technology Essay Essay Background Of Computerization In Bangladesh Information Technology Essay Essay Modern scientific discipline has advanced quickly in the station modern period. It has been possible by the dints of computing machine. Use of computing machine began in Bangladesh in the sixtiess and assumed wider dimension in the 1890ss. Information Technology is today a well-known affair. IT began to presume greater acceptableness in this state from the center of the 1890ss. The first computing machine in Bangladesh ( erstwhile East Pakistan ) was installed at the atomic energy centre, Dhaka of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission in 1964. It was an IBM Mainframe Computer of 1620 series. The chief usage of the machine was deciding complicated mathematical computations in different research plant. In the 1960ss rapid enlargement of bank and insurance every bit good as trade and commercialism including scientific research at both place and abroad increased manifold the volume of everyday accounting plants which necessitated celerity in this occupation. In many o f the large organisations, care of histories manually became about impossible. During this period a figure of large organisations of the state set up dearly-won Mainframe Computer. The so Habib Bank installed IBM 1401 computing machine while the United Bank used IBM 1901 in the late 1960ss. These computing machines belonging to the 3rd coevals Mainframe type were chiefly used for full accounting plants of these Bankss. Before the independency, an IBM 360 computing machine was set up at the Bureau of Statistics in 1969. A Mainframe computing machine was besides installed at Adamjee Jute Mills during the same period. Before independency, inclusion of computing machine hardware and package related classs in the course of study of Mathematics, Physics, Applied Physics and Electronics at university degree instruction began, though in a limited way.After independency cybernations procedure in this state got a new jet. In this mode bangladesh agency of statistics, played an of import funct ion. Large computing machines like IBM 370, IBM 9100 and IBM 4341 etc were installed in this organisation in stages since 1972. The development of cybernation procedure in this organisation still continues and different powerful computing machines and other extremist modern IT equipment of subsequent coevalss have since been installed at that place. In September 1979 an IBM 370 and an IBM 4331 Mainframe Computer were introduced at the bangladesh university of technology and engineering ( BUET ) and BUET Computer Centre was besides established. This Computer Centre has been playing a pioneering function in leaving computing machine instruction in Bangladesh and circulating computing machine engineering in the state. atomic energy research ESTABLISHMENT ( AERE ) at Savar installed an IBM 4341 Mainframe Computer in 1981. The Dhaka University Computer Centre began its journey with an IBM 4331 Mainframe Computer in 1985. The innovation of microprocessor by the Intel Corporation of the Un ited States in 1971 brought about a revolution in the form and capableness of computing machine. Microprocessor based computing machines started to look in the markets. Personal Computer or Personal computer innovated by the IBM ( International Business Machines ) company hit the market in 1981. Later on high-octane microprocessors began to germinate one after another aboard powerful Personal computers. The IBM did non maintain any prohibitive ordinance about fabricating IBM compatible computing machines from the really get downing. This brought about radical alterations in their monetary values and their utilizations besides multiplied. On the other manus Apple Computer Incorporate besides released in the market Apple-Macintosh computing machine evolved by them. But the Apple did non follow any broad policy in doing their compatible computing machine and therefore the monetary value of Macintosh computing machine remained really high that precluded it from accomplishing expected popularity. Nevertheless, due to some particular practical privileges Apple-Macintosh were widely used peculiarly in publishing industries. Personal computers became easy available due to its easy usage and bargain rate in monetary value. As a consequence, usage of Personal computers started to increase in Bangladesh chiefly since the last portion of the 1880ss, particularly in instruction and concern concerns. However, wider usage of computing machine in Bangladesh accelerated from the ninetiess. Invention of Bangla package Bangla authorship in computing machine was first materialized in 1987 and an applied scientist viz. Mainul Islam deserved the claim of this success. He managed to compose Bangla in Apple-Macintosh computing machine utilizing his self-evolved fount Mainulipi . In this chase the conventional English keyboard was used without utilizing any separate keyboard for Bangla. The difference in type and signifier of Bangla and English alphabets and the jobs associating to Bangla conjunct letters were solved utilizing the advantage of four bed keyboard of Macintosh. Two more Bangla fount, viz. Shahidlipi and Jabbarlipi were evolved instantly after Mainulipi. Following twelvemonth, Internet Explorer in 1988 the first Interface Bijoy functional in Apple-Macintosh computing machine was built under the protections of a non-government administration Anando Computers . The layout of the first Bangla keyboard was besides composed during this clip. Among the initial keyboards, Bijoy and Munir are deserving adverting. In the Interface technique, the Bangla keyboard is attached with the Operating System ( OS ) of the computing machine and Bangla is inscribed in the computing machine by triping this keyboard and choosing a Bangla fount. Bijoy, being a Macintosh based interface and the monetary value of Apple-Macintosh computing machine being excessively high, figure of its users was limited. Its usage was practically confined to printing and publications. Following the usage of Bangla in computing machine, function of computing machine in offices and publishing industries in Dhaka quickly assumed a great dimension. Exportable package development in Bangladesh commenced in 1995 while exportable multimedia system development began in 1997 Use of Internet and e-mail Though the usage of Internet worldwide spread quickly in 1990, Bangladesh joined the bandwagon much later. Use of Internet in the state started in 1995 for the first clip in a limited manner through offline electronic mail. VSAT ( Very Small Aperture Terminal ) was foremost set up in 1996 for Internet intent. Online Internet connexion started mushrooming through an Internet Service Provider ( ISP ) by the name ISN. At present there are more than 50 ISPs in the state ; of these lone BTTB ( Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board ) is authorities owned. Most of the ISPs are Dhaka based. However on-line Internet installations are now besides available outside Dhaka in metropoliss like Chittagong, Sylhet, Khulna, Rajshahi, Bogra and Cox s Bazar. Uses and Applications of Computer: In Bangladesh today computing machine is being used in research and educational establishments, authorities and private organisations, concern concerns including bank and insurance, industries, Millss and mills, military installings etc. Among the authorities offices, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics is the largest user of computing machines. The Statistical Bureau at present utilizations computing machine at every stage of saving, processing and analyzing of informations collected from assorted studies including preparation of database.In fiscal establishments including Bankss, peculiarly in private Bankss, care of database and extension of assorted services are progressively acquiring computing machine based. Computerization is besides bit by bit under manner in authorities Bankss. Foreign Bankss played a pioneering function in presenting computerized fiscal minutess in Bangladesh. By utilizing computing machine engineering, these Bankss are being able to give better services to the ir clients by set uping links with inter-branch, inter-bank every bit good as inter-continental Bankss. Most of the local private Bankss are following this today. Some local and foreign Bankss separately or jointly have been running Automatic Teller Machine ( ATM ) web by utilizing computing machine engineering. ATM card device is fast distributing in the state s chief metropoliss. Credit card has besides become popular all over the state since origin in 1999. At present, companies like VISA, Master Card and VANIK are covering with this computing machine based Credit Card Service which is a safe and easy device of pecuniary minutess. Very late a figure of foreign Bankss have introduced Electronic Fund Transfer Service. Microchip installed Smart Cards are besides going popular in the state bit by bit. This device has been proved to be really utile specially in refunding of measures of assorted services oriented organisations and companies. Various engineering based sections and burea us of the Bangladesh Government viz SPARRSO ( Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization ) , Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Survey of Bangladesh, Water Resources Planning Organization ( WARPO ) , Geological Survey of Bangladesh, etc are utilizing computing machine in preparation of their database and function. In peculiar, by utilizing GIS ( Geographic Information Systems ) package, pulling of assorted types of adept maps at shorter clip is being possible. Bangladesh Meteorological Department is now able to supply faster and more accurate conditions prognosis by analysing meteoric informations collected from orbiters and preparation of maps through computing machine. This is enabling people to take readyings during times of natural jeopardies and diminishing the volume of amendss to much extent. Besides, analyses associating to endure and climatic alterations are besides being possible through computing machine mold. Bangladesh Election Commission has taken up a undertaki ng to fix a unflawed elector list with the aid of computing machine. Different authorities and non-government administrations are utilizing Data Base Application Software to run into their several demands. Though these package were imported from abroad in the yesteryear, at present assorted local package companies are being engaged in most of the instances to do these customised software.The direction and running of big graduated table and of import industrial concerns of the state are now to much extent dependant on computing machine engineering peculiarly those industries where it is basically of import to maintain integral the qualitative criterion of the goods produced. For illustration, pharmaceutical industries. In these mills, qualitative criterion of drugs is being ensured with the aid of computing machine. Computer organisations In 1983 a national commission was formed aimed at buying computing machines to provide to the authorities demands. In 1988 the commission was renamed as the National Computer Board. This Board was further reformed in 1989 and was made into an establishment under the Ministry of Science and Technology in the name of Bangladesh Computer Council ( BCC ) . BCC has now been working as a authorities advisory organic structure on computing machine. Computer instruction The institutional computing machine instruction began in Bangladesh in 1984 with the initiation of the Computer Science and Engineering Department in BUET. The Computer Science Department at Dhaka University was established on 1st September 1992. At present sections for computing machine instruction have been opened in most authorities and non-government universities in the state every bit good as in four BITS ( Bangladesh Institute of Technology ) . Computer Science classs has besides been opened at Honours degree in a figure of colleges affiliated with the National University. Computer instruction has been included in the course of study at higher secondary degree since 1991 and that of secondary degree since 1994. Assorted private computing machine preparation Centres have been playing critical function in circulating computing machine literacy in the state since the center of the 1990s. Many local computing machine preparation institutes are carry oning devel oping programmes jointly with assorted foreign universities and institutes. At present rather a few computing machine related magazines are being published on a regular basis. Some of these magazines besides release Multimedia or CD ( Compact Disk ) versions side by side paper printed editions. Programs for set uping Computer and IT Villages at Kaliakair in Gazipur territory off Dhaka and at Mohakhali in Dhaka City have been taken at authorities enterprise. When implemented the usage and civilization of computing machine and information engineering in Bangladesh will increase many times. INITIATIVES TAKEN BY THE GOVT. PRIVATE SECTOR TOSTREGTHEN OUR ICT SECTOR: Digital Bangladesh is presently the most normally used words in political relations, media, among the intellectuals and the civil societies. Since our Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in her party s election pronunciamento pledged to develop a digital Bangladesh by 2021, it has given a great hope to the citizens of Bangladesh. It turned out to be an chance for our premier curate to be in the United States during the clip of election, and sing the Obama election run. Her acquisition has helped Awami League wining the election in Bangladesh in 2008 with Obama-like run strategy-the call for change , which has been responded widely by the Bangladeshi citizens. However, the focal point here is Digital Bangladesh, widely accepted by Bangladeshi people from all walks of life. Not excessively many people understood the construct of digital Bangladesh but they believed it, as something related to information engineering. It has been widely accepted by a good figure of immature electors, believ ing that the construct of Digital Bangladesh will work out most of our national crisis affecting corruptness, unemployment, illiteracy, poorness and price-hike. Even though without cognizing Bangladesh has already gone through a spot of experience on digitisation through few national degree of ICT undertakings, such as, Chittagong Customs Automation System, choice procedure of teletalk mobile user through cyberspace, undertaking initiated by the pervious authorities on machine-readable digital passport system and eventually the successful cybernation of national elector ID. However, we have full trust and religion in our freshly elected authorities, that hopefully one twenty-four hours, it will give us the gift of Digital Bangladesh, as promised, by twelvemonth 2021. But our cardinal inquiry here is how digital Bangladesh will be built and how will it impact on our day-to-day life, the economic system and society at big. Is digital Bangladesh a world or a practical dream made by our leaders to acquire our attending and precio us ballots? Digital Bangladesh is a uninterrupted procedure of development. For those who thinks that it can be developed in a specific clip and budget is perfectly incorrect. The whole procedure requires tonss of undertakings, for which we have to be prepared. After all, digitisation is the lone tract to economic success, quality instruction, public wellness and besides bring forthing transparence in administration with full public engagement. There should be no uncertainty that in 20th century the way to the information society is the lone way for the development of human civilisation. So our end is how we build this digital Bangladesh. The initial measure of constructing a Digital Bangladesh is developing a roadmap to digital Bangladesh, including undertakings, plans, working methodological analysis and timeline. In the election pronunciamento Awami League affirmed to resuscitate the ICT undertaking force formed during their last term. The ICT taskforce may originate the procedure of doing the roadmap. Their first work of the revived undertaking force would be to fix an e-readiness program to asses the current ICT resources and skilled human resources of Bangladesh. This may include measuring the current substructure, internet handiness, available skilled ICT professional, digitization degree of the state and others. After a good appraisal, the occupation will be to place the undertakings and plans that need to be focused, and all the sectors, including public and private that need enhancement and development. The ICT undertaking force must organize with the relevant stakeholders to work together in come oning diff erent undertakings. The stakeholders may include the authorities organic structures, for illustration, the ministry of finance, instruction, telecommunication and information ; and the educational institutes, ICT work groups including relevant the private sector organic structures. Different workgroups should be formed in assorted beds for assorted undertakings. A good working methodological analysis of diagnosing, design and executing should be followed to implement any digitisation undertaking within a strong instructional model. The work must be monitored carefully keeping planetary criterions. Few states, like, New Zealand, South Africa and Chile are nearing toward a similar end of digitisation for the past several old ages. Those patterns can be followed and if necessary international advisers and adviser squad could be hired. A good national connectivity is really much necessary in order to make the services provided by the information engineering. Access to the web in urban country must be improved at a more accelerated rate. High quality cyberspace services must be provided from metropolis to little stray countries with dependable anchor web. A backup web demands to be installed along with the current one, with the available current anchor system. An low-cost and subsidised monetary value must be provided to internet users in order to advance cyberspace usage with a proper preparation plan. A sustainable and dependable nation-wide web substructure will beef up the information main road of the state therefore extinguishing the digital divide between rural and urban countries. Decentralization and digital authorities services can be provided for all citizens. E-governance is another country meriting attending. Electronic administration is utilizing information engineering by the public sectors to supply service and information, and promoting citizens to take part democratically in the decision-making procedure by doing authorities more transparent and accountable. A good functionary web portal and information depositary demands to be developed to supply citizens with all necessary information from different authorities ministries. All kinds of signifiers and application should be available for download by the populace ; besides, to cut down bureaucratic complication, on-line entry can be added. For deriving transparence and cut downing corruptness, stamp command, revenue enhancement filing and secret plan allocation can besides be made through this web portal. In add-on, a good belongings record direction system needs to be developed to extinguish the difference on land ownership which leads to multitude of legal jobs and tribunal instanc es. The old manual system is non effectual. It provides no organized information, but generates hassle sing heritage and record transportation. For effectual use, these systems must hold Bengali interface, as our English reading and speech production capacity is relatively really low. Proper research must be done in Bengali character acknowledgment system, address reorganisation system and natural linguistic communication emanation system. Open beginning package, non-pirated and free package, should be encouraged to be used at all degrees of authorities ICT undertakings to minimise the cost. In add-on to this, we need to be concerned about the other portion of digitisation, which is cyber offense and information hacking, by protecting our systems against any malicious onslaught. Recently, Rajuk was victimized, where interlopers have hacked the system garnering valuable personal information of secret plan proprietors, demanding money for their secret plan installment. We need to larn these mistakes to protect our system and public consciousness. In order to make an advanced society, the instruction system must be foremost targeted. A separate digital web should be built to link all the educational institutes to portion resources, learning stuffs and research work, like it is in Sri Lanka, UK and USA. An advanced rhythm of university-industry relationship should be developed with digital coordination and resource-sharing. With the aid of distance acquisition and digital and audio acquisition system, instructors, pupils and vocational trainers from all over the state can get quality acquisition and digital abilities. With the aid of digital acquisition system, larning will non be limited to category suites merely. Technologies like digital library, picture talk, multimedia category room and knowledge-based information depository will better the employability, literacy and accomplishment of the state. A higher direction information system could be developed for the University Grant Commission to administrate and supervise all t he institutes under its control. All types of concern including little, average sized or large should integrate ICT through e-business and e-commerce. Our merchandises and services should be promoted in the planetary market with appropriate ICT technology-oriented selling schemes. For the concern community, inter-bank money transportation and dealing, loan system, L/C, finance, transportation, supply concatenation and recognition can be done electronically to supply a suited and friendly environment for the concern to vie with other states. A dedicated corporate web line can be built to actuate the concern community in ICT usage. The freshly installed Chittagong mechanization system can be a good illustration of how with less bureaucratism and rapidly, goods could be released, supplying more comfort to the concern environment. Online stock trading system would affect more bargainers from different communities to take part in capital market. The legal and the wellness system besides play a important function in all countries of the community. A knowledge-based online digital legal system dwelling of instance, records, jurisprudence and policies is of import for the judicial system. The attorneies should hold adequate resources available to support their clients every bit good as the Judgess to do determination reasonably. Without the entree of these stuffs justness will be difficult to accomplish for the hapless people. Digitization of the bench system will besides beef up the democratic procedure of the state. Even though the private wellness sector has developed their direction system, the populace sector is manner behind.A good patient-doctor direction system on all pubic infirmaries will better the wellness services in distant countries. New engineerings like telemedicine presently in usage as pilot undertakings can be used more loosely for supplying audience for particular instances on stray vicinities. Like the ben ch, a similar cognition depository system for the physicians and nurses will better the map of the wellness sector. Last but rebelliously non the least is the ICT sector, which is likely one of the most ignored sectors in the state. In order to develop a sustainable and efficient Digital Bangladesh, the authorities must foremost set their extreme attending in resuscitating this sector. Due to negligence and failed constabularies, the ICT sector has gone through tonss of ups and downs in the last few old ages. The authorities should take all necessary stairss to reengineer this sector from top to bottom to derive economic advantage like our adjacent state India. Through outsourcing, the state can gain more concern from the outside universe, which would play a critical function in the economic system. The last caretaker authorities has started the call centre concern by supplying licences to several companies. These companies are still in their initial phase supplying backend office services to western states. More call Centre markets are expected to be created in the hereafter. In order to acquire a portion of this market, the authorities should take proper enterprises in developing a skilled work force, with good English speech production quality and dependable, inexpensive telecommunication web. Finally, we have to develop a more adaptable and applicable ICT policy guaranting transparence supported by a proper legal model and promise for capacity edifice. The proposed ICT2003 had several defects, which needs proper rating procedure. However, the present authorities has five old ages to demo their success on how fast they are nearing towards their vision of 2021 of digital Bangladesh. Time is really short, the undertakings are many, and the outlooks are really high. The people are continuously supervising whether their leaders pre-election pledge of a Digital Bangladesh is being implemented decently. Barriers TO MAKE A DIGITAL BANGLADESH: Ours is one of the development state in the 3rd universe.As our authorities has taken luxuriant plan to do digital Bangladesh ; there are some barriers to obtain the ends. The barriers are as follows: Bangladesh has non sufficient engineering to do a digital Bangladesh. Internet base computing machine is non available. Our technological betterment is centered on Dhaka and others large metropoliss. Our computing machine based population is non equal. Political crises are one of the barriers behind this intent. Electricity job is besides haltering the procedure. Unadjusted allotments among different sectors. ICT sectors are non good developed. SUGGESTIONS TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS: We shall now show our proposal to work out the job. One serious lacking of our policy shapers is, they ever look at the transit job as a aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"physical problemaa‚ ¬A? and therefore enterprise to work out it through aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"physical measuresaa‚ ¬A? merely. The fact is, transit job by nature has two facets: physical and administrative, and needs to be addressed consequently. Bangladesh govt. should get down its operation from upper degree. Internet must be used in territory and upazila degrees. ICT must be introduced to our people. Government should promote our people about digital Bangladesh. Employer must hold cognition about computing machine. Education sectors must be digitalized. THE BOTTOM LINE: Bangladesh is a hapless state with surplus of population and no famine of jobs. For such a state failure in any dearly-won plan may turn out fatal. We hope, in position of their legion failures in the past, we believe and request that this clip the concerned governments would endeavor for honest and intelligent solutions. Our govt. is seeking to develop our state. Vision 2021 is a maestro program over this intent. As our computing machine history is non enriched ; there are some barriers which hamper our objects. If our people sincere about utilizing computing machine and cyberspace ; digital Bangladesh aims will be achieved. For this authorities should guarantee better status.

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